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Solids, liquids and gases

A phase transition occurs when a substance changes from one state of matter to another state. There are three primary states of matter: liquid, solid, and gas. A phase diagram is a plot that illustrates the different phases of a substance across multiple variables, most often temperature and pressure. The diagram can help to demonstrate how.

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Solid-Liquid Equilibrium. Ismail Tosun, in The Thermodynamics of Phase and Reaction Equilibria, 2013. 12.1.3 Solid-Liquid Equilibrium Phase Diagrams. Solid-liquid equilibrium data are obtained experimentally by cooling a liquid mixture of known composition and recording the temperature continuously as a function of time. 7 A break point in this curve indicates the formation of a solid phase.

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AboutTranscript. In this video, we'll learn how to represent solids, liquids, and gases using particulate models. The particles in a solid are either highly ordered (if the solid is crystalline) or have no regular arrangement (if the solid is amorphous). In both cases, the motion of the particles is limited. The particles in a liquid are close.

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Watch different types of molecules form a solid, liquid, or gas. Add or remove heat and watch the phase change. Change the temperature or volume of a container and see a pressure-temperature diagram respond in real time. Relate the interaction potential to the forces between molecules.

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A phase diagram lets you work out exactly what phases are present at any given temperature and pressure. In the cases we'll be looking at on this page, the phases will simply be the solid, liquid or vapor (gas) states of a pure substance. This is the phase diagram for a typical pure substance. These diagrams (including this one) are nearly.

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In the video here, Sal uses a horizontal line through the phase diagram. But, it doesn't have to be horizontal. Imagine a vertical line through this diagram-- for water, choose 100 degrees C. As long as you are at 100 C, you can change the phase by changing the pressure on the system.

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Liquids and solids are often referred to as condensed phases because the particles are very close together. The following table summarizes properties of gases, liquids, and solids and identifies the microscopic behavior responsible for each property.

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12.4: Phase Diagrams. To understand the basics of a one-component phase diagram as a function of temperature and pressure in a closed system. To be able to identify the triple point, the critical point, and four regions: solid, liquid, gas, and a supercritical fluid. The state exhibited by a given sample of matter depends on the identity.

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The intersection with the logarithmic curve for the gas will define an equilibrium pressure for gas-solid co-existence. Generally vapor pressures above solids are quite small, but not negligible. As for liquids we can construct a line representing the equilibrium pressures for sublimation as function of temperature and add it to the phase diagram.

Illustration for Changes of State between Solid, Liquid and Gas Stock

A solid is a state of matter in which atoms or molecules do not have enough energy to move. They are constantly in contact and in fixed positions relative to one another. Figure 6.1. 1: States of Matter. All three containers contain a substance with the same mass, but the substances are in different states.

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Consider the phase diagram for carbon dioxide shown in Figure 5 as another example. The solid-liquid curve exhibits a positive slope, indicating that the melting point for CO 2 increases with pressure as it does for most substances (water being a notable exception as described previously). Notice that the triple point is well above 1 atm, indicating that carbon dioxide cannot exist as a liquid.

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Using the phase diagram for carbon dioxide provided, we can determine that the state of CO 2 at each temperature and pressure given are as follows: (a) liquid; (b) solid; (c) gas; (d) liquid; (e) gas; (f) gas. Exercise 10.5.2 10.5. 2. Identify the phase changes that carbon dioxide will undergo as its temperature is increased from −100 °C.

List of Phase Changes Between States of Matter

The solid-liquid curve labeled BD shows the temperatures and pressures at which ice and liquid water are in equilibrium, representing the melting/freezing points for water. Note that this curve exhibits a slight negative slope (greatly exaggerated for clarity), indicating that the melting point for water decreases slightly as pressure increases.

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A phase diagram combines plots of pressure versus temperature for the liquid-gas, solid-liquid, and solid-gas phase-transition equilibria of a substance. These diagrams indicate the physical states that exist under specific conditions of pressure and temperature, and also provide the pressure dependence of the phase-transition temperatures (melting points, sublimation points, boiling points).

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Gas. The atoms and molecules in gases are much more spread out than in solids or liquids. They vibrate and move freely at high speeds. A gas will fill any container, but if the container is not sealed, the gas will escape. Gas can be compressed much more easily than a liquid or solid.

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A phase diagram combines plots of pressure versus temperature for the liquid-gas, solid-liquid, and solid-gas phase-transition equilibria of a substance.